Seed Dispersal Modes, Biodiversity and Tree Density in Different Successional Stages

Abstract

Ecological succession drives changes in community composition and biodiversity, with different successional stages promoting distinct species and dispersal mechanisms. This study examines how seed dispersal strategies, biodiversity, and tree density vary between an early successional Old Field and a more mature Woodlot. The hypothesis made was that the Old Field would exhibit higher biodiversity and a prevalence of wind-dispersed seeds, while the Woodlot would have lower biodiversity and primarily animal-mediated seed dispersal. Field data on seed migration, tree density, and species diversity were collected and analysed using Shannon’s diversity index and the Closest Individual Method. The results supported our hypothesis, with the Old Field displaying significantly higher biodiversity (Shannon Index 0.782) than the Woodlot (0.324) and a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0335). Seed migration patterns further revealed that open habitats facilitate wind dispersal and diverse plant establishment, while dense canopy cover in the Woodlot restricts these processes, leading to lower diversity. Tree density was higher in the Woodlot, suggesting that canopy structure also influences ground flora diversity. These findings highlight the complex interplay between habitat structure, succession, and ecological dynamics, offering insights into habitat-specific conservation strategies. Limitations include potential variability in tree density due to the specific area sampled, as the Woodlot’s canopy was less dense than typical mature woodlands.